Brady, tipped off as to Rachel’s relationship to Cates, pulls her aside to ask Rachel questions about Cates’ religious beliefs.
When Brady arrives, he states that he is fighting not just to put Cates in prison, but to defend Christian religious teaching across the US, and to keep some “northern” states from teaching the irreligious idea that humankind’s ancestors were monkeys. Back in the town, men, women, and children prepare for Brady’s triumphant arrival, singing religious songs.
He is visited in the jail by Rachel, his friend and possible lover-Rachel asks him whether he should continue fighting the law, and warns that Matthew Harrison Brady, a famous former Presidential candidate, is coming to Hillsboro to argue the case against Cates. In the play, Bertram Cates, a high-school biology teacher, has been jailed for doing exactly this-teaching evolution as science. Mencken-a famous politician, lawyer, and reporter, respectively-to a small town to determine whether a man ought to go to jail for teaching evolution in a science class, in violation of state law. This trial is based on some historical facts of the Scopes Monkey Trial, which occurred in Dayton, Tennessee, in 1925, and which brought William Jennings Bryant, Clarence Darrow, and H. Inherit the Wind is a play dramatizing the Hillsboro Monkey Trial, in a small American town called Hillsboro, state unnamed, in the 1950s.
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